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Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...

Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Severe acute pharyngitis caused by group C streptococcus.

Mobin Shah¹, Robert M Centor, May Jennings

¹Department of Family Practice, University of Alabama, Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, Huntsville, AL, USA.

Journal of General Internal Medicine

|March 16, 2007

Summary

Severe group C beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis can occur despite negative rapid strep tests. A systematic approach is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of worsening pharyngitis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Bacteriology

Background:

Group C beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis affects approximately 5% of adults.
The condition can manifest with varying degrees of severity.

Observation:

A 30-year-old woman presented with a 9-day history of progressive symptoms including fever, sore throat, and neck swelling.
She had two prior emergency room visits for sore throat with negative rapid strep tests and symptomatic treatment.
Despite repeated negative rapid strep tests, her symptoms worsened, leading to a third ER presentation with severe pharyngitis.

Findings:

Neck CT ruled out peritonsillar abscess.
Throat culture confirmed the presence of group C beta-hemolytic streptococcus, despite negative rapid antigen tests.
This case highlights the limitations of rapid strep testing in certain pharyngitis presentations.

Implications:

Emphasizes the importance of considering bacterial pharyngitis even with negative rapid strep tests.
Highlights the need for a systematic diagnostic approach in patients with persistent or worsening pharyngitis.
Suggests throat culture remains a valuable tool for diagnosing group C streptococcal pharyngitis.