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Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

Phase Transitions

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Liquid–Solid Solutions

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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Transition pathways between solid and liquid state in suspensions.

Lutz Heymann¹, Nuri Aksel

¹Department of Applied Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|March 16, 2007

Summary

This study reveals distinct solid and liquid states in particle suspensions under shear. The transition between these states is nonlinear and shows different pathways, highlighting material instability.

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Area of Science:

Rheology and soft matter physics.
Colloidal science and materials science.

Background:

Understanding the phase behavior of suspensions is crucial in various industrial applications.
Characterizing the transition between solid and liquid states in particle suspensions under shear is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid transitions in suspensions of rigid monodisperse spherical particles.
To analyze the nonlinear dynamics and material instability during these transitions.

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of particle suspensions under transient shear rate from rest.
Analysis of input-output dynamics to characterize system behavior.
Observation of particle network structure collapse.

Main Results:

Evidence for distinct solid and liquid states in sheared suspensions.
Demonstration of different transition pathways for solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid transformations.
Identification of a highly nonlinear system response during transitions.
Observation of material instability due to particle network collapse.

Conclusions:

Suspensions exhibit distinct solid and liquid phases with unique transition dynamics.
The transition regime is characterized by nonlinear behavior and material instability.
Particle network structure plays a critical role in suspension rheology.