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Optical frequency mixing at coupled gold nanoparticles.

Matthias Danckwerts1, Lukas Novotny

  • 1Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nonlinear-optical four-wave mixing (4WM) in gold nanoparticle dimers dramatically enhances signals by 4 orders of magnitude as particles approach. This effect, driven by plasmon resonance shifts, enables ultrasensitive detection of particle contact.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Coupled metallic nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties due to plasmon coupling.
  • Nonlinear-optical phenomena like four-wave mixing (4WM) are sensitive to local electromagnetic field enhancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear-optical four-wave mixing (4WM) response of coupled gold nanoparticles.
  • To explore the effect of interparticle distance on 4WM efficiency.
  • To demonstrate the potential of 4WM as a sensor for nanoparticle contact.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticle dimers with controlled interparticle distances.
  • Excitation of nonlinear-optical four-wave mixing (4WM) using specific laser wavelengths.

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  • Analysis of the 4WM signal intensity as a function of interparticle separation.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in the 4WM yield (up to 4 orders of magnitude) was observed as interparticle distance decreased.
    • The enhancement is attributed to the red-shift of localized plasmon resonance into double resonance with input wavelengths in nanoparticle dimers.
    • A discontinuous jump in the 4WM signal at touching contact indicates charge redistribution due to bridge formation.

    Conclusions:

    • The 4WM signal is highly sensitive to the interparticle distance and contact formation in gold nanoparticle systems.
    • This ultrasensitive 4WM response can be utilized for precise detection of nanoparticle contact.
    • The coupled nanoparticle system can serve as a controllable nanoscale photon source.