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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:27

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Magnetic Fields01:28

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Dynamical magnetoelectric coupling in helical magnets.

Hosho Katsura1, Alexander V Balatsky, Naoto Nagaosa

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

We reveal spin waves, not phonons, drive ferroelectricity in helical magnets due to spin-orbit coupling. This hybridization explains dielectric properties and suggests new experiments for dynamical magnetoelectric coupling.

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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Helical magnets exhibit complex magnetic ordering.
  • Spin-orbit interaction couples magnetic and electric properties.
  • Understanding ferroelectricity in magnetic materials is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theory for collective mode dynamics in helical magnets.
  • To investigate the coupling between electric polarization and spin waves.
  • To identify low-lying modes responsible for ferroelectricity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of collective mode dynamics.
  • Analysis of spin waves hybridized with electric polarization.
  • Investigation of spin-orbit interaction effects.

Main Results:

  • Ferroelectricity is driven by hybridized spin waves, not optical phonons.
  • A Drude-like dielectric function arises from this hybridization.
  • Two additional low-lying modes (phason and helical plane rotation) are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The theory explains ferroelectric behavior in helical magnets.
  • Low-lying modes play key roles in neutron scattering and antiferromagnetic resonance.
  • A novel experiment to detect dynamical magnetoelectric coupling is proposed.