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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Restoring coherence lost to a slow interacting mesoscopic spin bath.

Wang Yao1, Ren-Bao Liu, L J Sham

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0319, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

We developed a control scheme to recover lost quantum coherence in a two-state quantum object by managing its interaction with a spin bath. This method uses bath dynamics to disentangle and restore the quantum object

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Quantum information science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum objects lose coherence due to interactions with their environment, known as spin baths.
  • Controlling this decoherence is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient control scheme for recovering lost quantum coherence.
  • To demonstrate a method for disentangling a quantum object from its interacting spin bath.

Main Methods:

  • A many-body solution of bath dynamics conditioned on the quantum object's state.
  • Theoretical modeling applied to an electron spin in a nuclear spin bath within a semiconductor quantum dot.

Main Results:

  • An efficient control scheme was proposed to recover quantum object coherence.
  • The method leverages the bath's dynamics for disentanglement and coherence restoration.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed scheme effectively recovers lost quantum coherence in a two-state quantum object.
  • The spin-based approach is generalizable to other quantum systems interacting with mesoscopic, slow baths.