Differentiation of stenosed and aneurysmal arteries by pulse wave propagation analysis based on a fluid-solid...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

• Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) is a key indicator of blood vessel mechanical properties.
• The Moens-Korteweg equation accurately describes PWV in ideal tubes but has limitations in real vessels.
• Waveform analysis, particularly reflected waves, shows promise for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To model stenosed and aneurysmal arteries using a 3D fluid-solid interaction scheme.
• To analyze pulse wave propagation and assess reflected waves in diseased arterial regions.
• To differentiate reflected wave characteristics between stenosis and aneurysm models.

Main Methods:

• A three-dimensional coupled fluid-solid interaction (FSI) model was developed.
• Commercial software (Radioss) was utilized to solve the FSI problem.
• A steady flow (Re=1000) with a superimposed pulse (Re=4000) simulated wave propagation.

Main Results:

• Reflected waves from arterial stenosis and aneurysms exhibit distinct phase differences.
• The wavelength of reflected waves from aneurysms is influenced by aneurysm length.
• The study successfully modeled and analyzed wave reflections in simulated arterial pathologies.

Conclusions:

• Reflected wave analysis provides valuable information for assessing arterial disease.
• The distinct characteristics of reflected waves can help differentiate between stenosis and aneurysms.
• Computational modeling of FSI is a powerful tool for understanding cardiovascular hemodynamics.