Zoonoses in the Mediterranean region

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• The Mediterranean and Middle East Region (MME) is historically significant for zoonotic disease development and concentration.
• Emergence of an urbanized zoonotic pattern, influenced by globalization, coexists with the classical Mediterranean pattern.
• Both patterns present unique characteristics impacting zoonotic life cycles and societal effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the features of the most relevant zoonoses in the MME.
• To highlight the co-existing epidemiological patterns of zoonoses in the region.
• To inform about public health initiatives for zoonoses control.

Main Methods:

• Review and discussion of key zoonotic diseases prevalent in the MME.
• Analysis of epidemiological patterns (Mediterranean and urbanized).
• Overview of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre (MZCC) activities.

Main Results:

• Brucellosis, rabies, cystic echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, and food-borne zoonoses are identified as highly relevant in the MME.
• The interplay between traditional and urbanized zoonotic patterns complicates disease management.
• The MZCC, established in 1979, coordinates regional efforts.

Conclusions:

• The MME faces complex zoonotic challenges due to distinct epidemiological patterns.
• Targeted control strategies are necessary to address prevalent zoonoses like brucellosis and rabies.
• International collaboration, exemplified by the MZCC, is vital for managing zoonotic diseases in the region.