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Human interferon lambda-1 (IFN-lambda1/IL-29) modulates the Th1/Th2 response.

W J Jordan1, J Eskdale, S Srinivas

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ, USA.

Genes and Immunity
|March 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Interferon lambda-1 (IFN-lambda1) modulates T helper cell activity, significantly reducing interleukin-13 (IL-13) secretion while minimally affecting interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This suggests a role for IFN-lambda1 in regulating Th1/Th2 immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Interferon lambda-1 (IFN-lambda1/IL-29) is a Type-III interferon.
  • Type-III interferons share a receptor and induce antiviral responses similar to Type-I interferons.
  • Their ability to phosphorylate STAT3 and use IL10-R-beta suggested potential immunomodulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of IFN-lambda1.
  • To determine if IFN-lambda1 influences the Th1/Th2 immune response system.
  • To elucidate the specific effects of IFN-lambda1 on T helper cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Assays included mitogen stimulation (Con-A), mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLR), and co-culture of naive T cells with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantification of secreted cytokines, specifically interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was performed.
  • Experiments assessed the impact of IFN-lambda1 on T cell activation and cytokine production.

    • Main Results:

    • IFN-lambda1 consistently reduced IL-13 secretion in all tested experimental systems.
    • IFN-lambda1 showed a modest, occasional increase in IFN-gamma secretion, with IL-13 being significantly more sensitive.
    • These modulatory effects on T helper cell responses were independent of IL-10.

    Conclusions:

    • IFN-lambda1 plays a significant role in modulating T helper cell differentiation and function.
    • The primary observed effect is the potent suppression of IL-13 production, indicating a bias away from Th2 responses.
    • These findings reveal a novel function for IFN-lambda1 in regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 immunity.