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Three-dimensional pore space quantification of apple tissue using X-ray computed microtomography.

Fernando Mendoza1, Pieter Verboven, Hibru K Mebatsion

  • 1BIOSYST, MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, W. de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

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Summary

X-ray microtomography reveals distinct pore space differences in apple tissues. Medial axis analysis effectively differentiates Jonagold and Braeburn cultivars, offering insights into gas transport in fruit.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding gas transport in plant tissues is crucial for various biological and industrial processes.
  • The pore space microstructure significantly influences gas diffusion within fruits like apples.
  • Quantitative characterization of this pore space is essential for accurate modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an experimental procedure for 3D characterization of apple cortex pore space using X-ray microtomography.
  • To quantitatively compare the pore space microstructure of two apple cultivars (Jonagold and Braeburn).
  • To assess the influence of imaging resolution and sample volume on porosity measurements.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray computer microtomography was used for 3D image acquisition of apple cortex tissue.
  • Image processing techniques, including 3D skeletonization (medial axis analysis), were applied to characterize pore space.
  • Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the effect of resolution and representative elementary volume (REV) on porosity.

Main Results:

  • X-ray microtomography achieved micrometer-level resolution for detailed pore space analysis.
  • Computed porosity was highly dependent on imaging resolution; the minimum REV for apple cortex was determined to be 1.3 mm³.
  • Medial axis analysis revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in pore space topology between Jonagold and Braeburn cultivars.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microtomography and medial axis analysis method provides quantitative insights into apple tissue microstructure.
  • Medial axis parameters demonstrate potential for differentiating between apple cultivars based on their internal pore structure.
  • This approach aids in understanding how microstructure affects gas transport phenomena in fruits.