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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Prevalence and Incidence

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Published on: August 25, 2014

Evolution and innovations of the National Neonatal and High Risk Screening Program in Costa Rica.

Carlos de Céspedes1, Manuel Saborío, Rafael Trejos

  • 1National Newborn and High Risk Screening Program, Center for Prevention of Disabilities, National Children Hospital, San José, Costa Rica.

Revista De Biologia Tropical
|March 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Costa Rica

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Costa Rica's healthcare system, with a high literacy rate and established social security, provides a strong foundation for public health initiatives.
  • A shift towards chronic diseases, mirroring developed nations, necessitates proactive screening for preventable congenital conditions.
  • Growing incidence of mental retardation and disabilities linked to congenital hypothyroidism and metabolic diseases highlighted the need for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the establishment, operation, and outcomes of Costa Rica's National Neonatal and High Risk Screening Program (PNT).
  • To assess the program's effectiveness in early detection and treatment of congenital disorders.
  • To evaluate the program's integration within the national healthcare infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic, massive neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism and hereditary metabolic diseases.
  • High-risk screening and diagnostic confirmation integrated through the Center for Prevention of Disabilities.
  • Utilizing a unified national healthcare system for comprehensive coverage and care.

Main Results:

  • Screened 835,217 children by September 2004, achieving 95.1% national newborn coverage.
  • Detected and treated 337 children with congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, maple syrup disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and galactosemia.
  • Prevented significant disabilities and deaths through early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The National Neonatal and High Risk Screening Program has successfully reduced the incidence of preventable disabilities in Costa Rican children.
  • The program demonstrates the feasibility of implementing large-scale neonatal screening in developing countries with integrated healthcare systems.
  • Future expansion includes screening for organic acidemias, cystic fibrosis, hemoglobinopathies, and toxoplasmosis.