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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Duplication02:05

Chromosome Duplication

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

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Related Experiment Video

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

Chromosomal character optimization.

Ward C Wheeler1

  • 1Division of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA. wheeler@amnh.org

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|March 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for optimizing chromosomal data on cladograms. It accounts for nucleotide and locus variations, including gene rearrangement, to improve phylogenetic analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Phylogenetic analysis relies on accurate representation of genetic data.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture complex chromosomal variations.
  • Optimization of cladograms requires robust methods for handling diverse genetic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new method for optimizing chromosomal data on cladograms.
  • To incorporate multiple levels of genetic variation, including nucleotide and locus changes.
  • To demonstrate the method's applicability using arthropod mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous consideration of nucleotide substitution, insertion, and deletion.
  • Inclusion of locus insertions, deletions, and gene rearrangement.
  • Dynamic homology analysis for automatic locus annotation, removing the need for prior labeling.

Main Results:

  • The method effectively optimizes chromosomal data by integrating various evolutionary events.
  • Demonstrated successful application on complete arthropod mtDNA sequences.
  • Locus annotation is an emergent property of the homology analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method offers a comprehensive approach to chromosomal data optimization for phylogenetic reconstruction.
  • It enhances the accuracy of cladograms by accounting for complex genetic variations.
  • The dynamic homology analysis provides a powerful tool for inferring locus relationships.