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Integrating basic research on thyroid hormone action into screening and testing programs for thyroid disruptors.

Shirlee W Tan1, R Thomas Zoeller

  • 1Office of Science Coordination and Policy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. tan.shirlee@epa.gov

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|March 17, 2007
PubMed
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This review examines thyroid hormone signaling across vertebrates, focusing on assays for detecting thyroid system disruption. It highlights conserved pathways and emerging research areas for toxicological assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Toxicology
  • Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone signaling is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates, playing crucial roles in development and physiology.
  • Specific thyroid hormone-regulated events, like amphibian metamorphosis, vary across species.
  • Reptilian thyroid toxicology data was insufficient for inclusion in this review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current thyroid systems in mammals, fish, amphibians, and birds.
  • To assess existing and emerging assays for detecting thyroid system disruption in toxicology.
  • To identify new research frontiers impacting thyroid assay development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of thyroid systems and toxicology assays in selected vertebrate groups.
  • Analysis of current regulatory assays and potential future developments.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification of novel targets for thyroid disruption, including neural TSH regulation, hormone transport (e.g., MCT8), and deiodinases.

    • Main Results:

    • The review synthesizes information on thyroid assays and endpoints for detecting chemical disruption.
    • It highlights the best current assays for regulatory use and discusses future research directions.
    • Emerging areas like neural regulation, specific transporters (MCT8), and deiodinases are identified as key sites for disruption.

    Conclusions:

    • The current state of thyroid assays for detecting chemical disruption is presented.
    • Future thyroid research will likely influence the design of novel assays.
    • Understanding conserved and divergent aspects of thyroid signaling is crucial for toxicological assessment across species.