The influence of pH and urine composition on urease enzymatic activity in human urine

It is reasonable to assume that the rate of pH increase in urine induced by urease-producing microorganisms is one of the factors which determine whether crystallisation with subsequent stone formation will occur or not. To evaluate how the time needed to increase urine pH varies between different urine samples and how it depends on urine composition, a standardised amount of urease was added to different human urine samples. The incubations were performed in a pH-stat. This allowed simultaneous study of how urease enzymatic activity depends on urine pH and how it varies between different urines. The enzymatic activity was found to be negatively correlated to urine pH and to vary between different urines. The rate of the pH increase varied markedly between different urines. Small pH increases depended on the native urine pH and urease enzymatic activity. Higher pH increases up to the levels of phosphate crystallisation depended more on urine phosphate, the major urine buffer. The results presented show that urine composition influences the urease-induced pH increase. This might have clinical implications.