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Dermal exposure to beryllium: a pilot case study.

Claude Emond1, Jean-Paul Robin, Robert Breton

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and GRIS (Interdisciplinary Health Research Group), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|March 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dermal absorption of beryllium (Be) particles through intact skin is negligible. While daily dermal exposure is minimal, a precautionary principle is advised due to uncertainties in beryllium exposure risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Dermal absorption of beryllium (Be) particles via intact skin remains largely unquantified.
  • Concerns regarding Be dermal exposure risks were heightened in Quebec, Canada, within a spent pot lining (SPL) recycling industry.
  • Health authorities mandated Be particle size studies and protective coveralls for workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify dermal and inhalation exposure to beryllium particles in an SPL recycling facility.
  • To assess the effectiveness of protective clothing in mitigating beryllium exposure.
  • To evaluate the significance of dermal exposure as a potential route for beryllium toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Airborne dust sampling to determine beryllium particle size distribution, including median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD).

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  • Exposure assessment for both dermal and respiratory routes over a standard workday.
  • Skin swipe sampling before and after work to evaluate clothing protection efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Respirable beryllium constituted 23% of total beryllium, with fine particles (MMAD ≤ 0.93) comprising 5%.
    • Calculated daily respiratory dose was 0.022 microg/kg/d.
    • Dermal daily doses ranged from 0.027 x 10(-7) to 0.025 x 10(-3) microg/kg/d, considered negligible.
    • No beryllium detected on skin with cotton coveralls; minor amounts with polyester coveralls.

    Conclusions:

    • Dermal exposure to beryllium particles in this specific industrial setting is negligible.
    • The study did not involve direct handling of contaminated materials, which could increase dermal exposure.
    • A precautionary approach is recommended due to uncertainties surrounding beryllium exposure and potential health effects.