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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression
06:47

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression

Published on: July 30, 2015

Modeling T- and B-cell growth and differentiation.

Robin Callard1, Phil Hodgkin

  • 1Immunobiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. rcallard@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Immunological Reviews
|March 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mathematical models and CFSE experiments help understand T- and B-cell proliferation control. This approach reveals how cell division, death, and cycle numbers integrate to shape adaptive immune responses.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression
06:47

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Published on: July 30, 2015

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immune responses rely on T- and B-cell proliferation after antigen stimulation.
  • The dynamics of cell division, death, and cycle number determine the response outcome.
  • Understanding the integration of signals controlling these processes is crucial for immune response regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how mathematical models and CFSE data can investigate T- and B-cell proliferation control mechanisms.
  • To explore the integration of signals governing cell division, death, and division cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mathematical modeling to simulate cellular dynamics.
  • Analyzing data from carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinamidyl ester (CFSE) experiments.
  • Integrating computational and experimental approaches to study immune cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates the utility of combining mathematical models with CFSE data for dissecting proliferation control.
  • Highlights how different control mechanisms influence T- and B-cell responses.
  • Provides insights into the complex interplay of factors regulating adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical modeling and CFSE experiments are powerful tools for understanding adaptive immunity.
  • The integration of various regulatory signals dictates the precise outcome of T- and B-cell responses.
  • Further research using these combined methods can advance our knowledge of immune cell dynamics.