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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

1.6K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
1.6K
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

831
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

735
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
735
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

3.0K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
3.0K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.0K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.0K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.2K
Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

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Muscle pain syndromes.

Harden R Norman1

  • 1Center for Pain Studies, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 446 E. Ontario St, Suite 1011, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|March 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review covers evidence for fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome, two common muscle pain conditions. It examines current diagnostic methods and effective treatment strategies for these syndromes.

Area of Science:

  • Pain Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome are distinct clinical entities characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain.
  • Understanding the differences and overlaps between these conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence base for fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome.
  • To critically evaluate diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions for both conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Evidence synthesis of diagnostic accuracy studies.
  • Analysis of randomized controlled trials for treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

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The Use of Thermal Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
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The Use of Thermal Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

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Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

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The Use of Thermal Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
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  • Diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome are evolving.
  • Evidence supports multimodal treatment approaches for both conditions.
  • Specific pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies show variable efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate differentiation between fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome remains a clinical challenge.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic tools and optimize therapeutic strategies.