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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

Published on: August 8, 2014

Effects of development on runoff and pollutant export.

D E Line¹, N M White

¹Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Box 7637, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. dan_line@ncsu.edu

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation

|March 21, 2007

Summary

Residential development significantly increases runoff volume and pollutant export. Developed areas showed higher sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus discharge compared to undeveloped natural landscapes.

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Area of Science:

Environmental science
Hydrology
Ecology

Background:

Urbanization alters natural hydrologic processes.
Residential development impacts water quality and quantity.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the effects of residential development on runoff and pollutant export.
To compare water discharge and nutrient export between developed and undeveloped watersheds.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous monitoring of runoff in two similar drainage basins over 5.6 years.
Comparison of developed (residential) and undeveloped (wooded/agricultural) areas in North Carolina's Piedmont region.

Main Results:

Developed areas exhibited 68% greater runoff volume.
Baseflow decreased from 25% in undeveloped areas to 0% in developed areas.
Annual export of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus increased by 66-95% in the developed watershed.

Conclusions:

Residential development significantly elevates runoff and pollutant loads.
Urbanization drastically impacts watershed hydrology and water quality.
Findings highlight the environmental consequences of land development.