IKKalpha in the regulation of inflammation and adaptive immunity

Inflammation is a beneficial response to insult or injury which plays an important role in orchestrating the adaptive immune response. The resolution of acute inflammation is an active process that involves the release of anti-inflammatory mediators and the termination of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways coincident with leucocyte apoptosis and phagocytic clearance and the migration of antigen-presenting cells from the site of inflammation to the local lymphatic tissue. The latter process is required for the development of adaptive immunity and immunological memory. The NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) pathway is an important regulator of inflammation and immunity; NF-kappaB activation is controlled by IKK [IkappaB (inhibitor of NF-kappaB) kinase] complex, which regulates NF-kappaB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. The IKK complex has two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta; recent research shows that these highly homologous kinases have distinct roles in inflammation and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the emerging roles for IKKalpha in the tight regulation of inflammation and the development of adaptive immune responses.