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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Magnetic Fields01:28

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Bats avoid radar installations: could electromagnetic fields deter bats from colliding with wind turbines?

Barry Nicholls1, Paul A Racey

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. b.nicholls@abdn.ac.uk

Plos One
|March 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Electromagnetic radiation from radar installations deters foraging bats, significantly reducing bat activity near high-intensity fields. This finding offers potential strategies to mitigate bat mortality from wind turbines.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Bat mortality from wind turbine collisions is a significant conservation concern.
  • Current methods for reducing bat mortality at wind turbines are limited.
  • Radar installations emit electromagnetic fields that may influence bat behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if electromagnetic radiation from radar elicits an aversive behavioral response in foraging bats.
  • To determine the threshold of electromagnetic field strength that affects bat activity.
  • To explore potential applications for radar technology in bat conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Selected civil air traffic control (ATC), military ATC, and weather radar stations.
  • Measured electromagnetic field (EMF) strength at varying distances (<200m, 200-400m, >400m) from radar sources.
  • Recorded bat activity using automatic bat detectors at sampling points with different EMF levels.

Main Results:

  • Bat activity was significantly reduced in areas with EMF strength >2 V/m compared to control sites (EMF = 0 V/m).
  • No significant reduction in bat activity was observed at EMF strengths <2 V/m within 400m of the radar.
  • Habitat characteristics were controlled for across sampling points to isolate the effect of EMF.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity electromagnetic radiation from radar installations can create an aversive environment for foraging bats.
  • This aversion may be linked to thermal induction and hyperthermia risks.
  • Radar-induced bat avoidance could offer a novel approach to reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines.