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Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...

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Birth Control Methods

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Endoscopy Guided Photoablation of Endometrial Cysts using a 980 nm Laser with a Contact Fiber in Mares

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Published on: July 16, 2020

Essure sterilization associated with endometrial ablation.

A C Donnadieu¹, X Deffieux, A Gervaise

¹Univ Paris-Sud, Clamart, France.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

|March 24, 2007

Summary

Combining endometrial ablation with hysteroscopic sterilization offers a feasible and effective treatment for women with abnormal uterine bleeding. This approach successfully achieved tubal occlusion and patient satisfaction, reducing menstrual blood loss.

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Area of Science:

Gynecology
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Reproductive Medicine

Background:

Menometrorrhagia, characterized by abnormal uterine bleeding, affects many women.
Permanent tubal sterilization is a desired option for many women with this condition.
Endometrial ablation (EA) is an effective treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility and outcomes of combining Essure sterilization with various hysteroscopic endometrial ablation techniques.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combined approach for women with menometrorrhagia.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study involving 23 women with menometrorrhagia requiring permanent sterilization.
Hysteroscopic placement of Essure coils combined with different endometrial ablation methods: ThermaChoice, NovaSure, Hydrothermablator, or hysteroscopic resection (monopolar/bipolar).

Main Results:

Successful bilateral tubal cannulation with Essure in 87% of cases.
No adverse events reported; 100% bilateral tubal occlusion confirmed by 3D ultrasound and X-ray at 3 months.
Significant reduction in menstrual blood loss and 85% patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

The combination of endometrial ablation and hysteroscopic sterilization is a feasible and efficient procedure for managing menometrorrhagia.
This combined approach offers a safe and effective solution for permanent contraception and symptom relief.