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Related Concept Videos

Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls01:20

Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls

Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...
Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate resistance.
Composite Masonry Walls01:18

Composite Masonry Walls

Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...
Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding
06:10

Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding

Published on: March 20, 2026

Which sealant system should I use?

Chris Deery1

  • 1Department of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|March 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Resin-based sealants (RBS) show comparable retention rates, but light-cured resin-based sealants (LRBS) demonstrate superior long-term retention compared to fluoride-containing resin-based sealants (FRBS). Further research is needed to determine optimal clinical protocols for sealant application.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Evidence-Based Dentistry

Background:

  • This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of different resin-based sealants (RBS) and clinical protocols for their application on permanent molars.
  • Studies were identified through comprehensive database searches and expert consultation, focusing on randomized controlled trials comparing various RBS types and application methods.

Discussion:

  • The meta-analysis included 31 studies comparing different types of resin-based sealants (RBS), including light-cured (LRBS) and auto-polymerised (ARBS), as well as fluoride-containing resin-based sealants (FRBS).
  • While ARBS and LRBS showed similar retention rates, LRBS exhibited significantly higher retention than FRBS at 48 months.
  • A significant limitation was the insufficient number of high-quality studies addressing optimal clinical protocols for sealant application.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding
06:10

Accessible Silicone Chip-to-Membrane Sealing Procedure for Flexible, Reliable Bonding

Published on: March 20, 2026

Key Insights:

  • Auto-polymerised resin-based sealants (ARBS) and light-cured resin-based sealants (LRBS) exhibit comparable retention rates.
  • Light-cured resin-based sealants (LRBS) demonstrate a significantly higher retention rate compared to fluoride-containing resin-based sealants (FRBS) over 48 months.
  • Current evidence is insufficient to determine the optimal clinical procedure for sealant application.

Outlook:

  • Future research should prioritize well-designed randomized clinical trials focusing on sealant retention.
  • Investigating novel enamel preparation techniques, such as air-abrasion or sono-abrasion, in conjunction with sealant application is recommended.
  • Standardized methodologies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different clinical protocols for resin-based sealant application.