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Related Experiment Videos

Is cisplatin a human carcinogen?

M H Greene1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ 85259.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|March 4, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, shows carcinogenic potential in animal studies and may increase secondary cancer risk in patients. Further human studies are needed to confirm its carcinogenicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Chemotherapy

Background:

  • Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent.
  • It was not traditionally considered a human carcinogen due to its non-alkylating nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental data and literature on cisplatin's carcinogenic potential.
  • To assess the evidence for cisplatin-induced secondary malignancies in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on cisplatin's mutagenic, clastogenic, and tumor-initiating properties.
  • Literature review of patient cases with secondary cancers after cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
  • Analysis of existing epidemiological studies on cisplatin and human carcinogenicity.

Main Results:

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  • Cisplatin demonstrates mutagenic, clastogenic, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals, including myeloid leukemia induction in rats.
  • A literature review identified 65 cases of secondary cancers (primarily leukemias) in patients treated with cisplatin.
  • Epidemiological studies provide conflicting evidence, with one suggesting a link with doxorubicin and another implicating etoposide.

Conclusions:

  • Cisplatin should be considered a potent experimental carcinogen.
  • Current human data is insufficient to definitively establish cisplatin's carcinogenicity due to confounding factors.
  • Formal epidemiological studies are required to determine the human carcinogenic risk of cisplatin.