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Updated: May 11, 2026

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: May 2, 2018
Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance
Michael N Alekshun1, Stuart B Levy
1Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. michael.alekshun@spcorp.com
Abstract:
Treatment of infections is compromised worldwide by the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Although classically attributed to chromosomal mutations, resistance is most commonly associated with extrachromosomal elements acquired from other bacteria in the environment. These include different types of mobile DNA segments, such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons. However, intrinsic mechanisms not commonly specified by mobile elements-such as efflux pumps that expel multiple kinds of antibiotics-are now recognized as major contributors to multidrug resistance in bacteria. Once established, multidrug-resistant organisms persist and spread worldwide, causing clinical failures in the treatment of infections and public health crises.
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