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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...

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TGF - β Signaling Pathway

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2019

TGF-beta and atherosclerosis in man.

David J Grainger¹

¹Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom. djg15@cam.ac.uk

Cardiovascular Research

|March 27, 2007

Summary

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily proteins are crucial for blood vessel health. This review explores TGF-beta

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Molecular Medicine
Immunology

Background:

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily is vital for maintaining blood vessel wall integrity.
Genetic defects in TGF-beta superfamily members are linked to cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and aneurysm.
The role of TGF-beta in atherosclerosis development is complex and requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of TGF-beta in the human vasculature during atherogenesis.
To evaluate existing data on TGF-beta's contribution to atherosclerosis in the context of animal models.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on TGF-beta, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular syndromes.
Analysis of evidence from human studies and animal models of atherosclerosis.

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Quantification of Atherosclerosis in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2019

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Examination of the cellular sources and targets of TGF-beta signaling in atherogenesis.

Main Results:

TGF-beta superfamily members are essential for normal blood vessel structure.
T cells are identified as a significant source and target of TGF-beta1 during atherogenesis.
TGF-beta's influence on atherosclerosis is intricate, involving multiple cell types and signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

TGF-beta plays a multifaceted role in the development of atherosclerosis.
Understanding TGF-beta's signaling in T cells is critical for deciphering its role in cardiovascular disease.
Further research integrating human and animal data is needed to fully understand TGF-beta's impact on vascular health.