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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

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Mesolimbic novelty processing in older adults.

Nico Bunzeck¹, Hartmut Schütze, Sabine Stallforth

¹Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|March 27, 2007

Summary

Aging impacts brain structures involved in novelty processing. This study shows age-related degeneration in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and hippocampus affects their function in processing new stimuli.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Aging Research
Neuroimaging

Background:

Normal aging leads to neuronal loss in the dopaminergic midbrain (substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, SN/VTA).
The SN/VTA is part of the mesolimbic network, involved in processing novel stimuli alongside the hippocampus.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify age-related structural degeneration in the mesolimbic system using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR).
To correlate structural degeneration with mesolimbic hemodynamic responses (HRs) to stimulus novelty in healthy older adults.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure mesolimbic HRs to various stimuli (novelty, rareness, emotional valence, targetness).
Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) quantified age-related structural changes in the SN/VTA and hippocampus.
Twenty-one healthy older adults (55-77 years) participated in a visual oddball paradigm.

Main Results:

Hemodynamic responses in the SN/VTA and hippocampus to novelty positively correlated with MTR in these regions.
Amygdala HR to negative emotional valence correlated with amygdala MTR, but not with MTR in SN/VTA or hippocampus.
No significant correlations were found between SN/VTA or hippocampus HR to novelty and amygdala MTR.

Conclusions:

Establishes a structure-function relationship supporting a hippocampal-SN/VTA loop for mesolimbic novelty processing.
Age-related structural degeneration selectively impacts the hemodynamic activation in the SN/VTA and hippocampus during novelty processing.