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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Assessment of radial pulse01:11

Assessment of radial pulse

Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor
09:35

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor

Published on: June 16, 2021

Risk factors for hand-wrist disorders in repetitive work.

J F Thomsen1, S Mikkelsen, J H Andersen

  • 1Department of Occupational Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark. jfth@glo.regionh.dk

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|March 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

High hand force increases the risk of hand-wrist pain and tendonitis. Repetitive movements also contribute to pain, while non-neutral wrist positions were not identified as a risk factor in this study.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor
09:35

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor

Published on: June 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Repetitive work tasks can lead to hand-wrist disorders.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between hand force, repetitive movements, wrist position, and hand-wrist disorders.
  • To identify specific ergonomic risk factors for hand-wrist pain and tendonitis.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 3123 employees across 19 industrial settings.
  • Data collected via questionnaires, physical examinations, and video analysis of work tasks.
  • Risk factors (force, repetition, position) analyzed over a three-year follow-up period, controlling for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Increased hand force was significantly associated with prevalent and incident hand-wrist pain and possible extensor tendonitis.
  • Repetitive movements were identified as a risk factor for the onset of hand-wrist pain.
  • No significant association was found between non-neutral wrist positions and hand-wrist disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Hand force is a primary risk factor for hand-wrist pain and tendonitis in monotonous work.
  • Repetition contributes to pain onset, though less consistently than force.
  • Ergonomic interventions should prioritize reducing hand force requirements.