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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
Published on: December 15, 2011
Tissue transglutaminase and the stress response
R Ientile1, D Caccamo, M Griffin
1Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. ientile@unime.it
Amino Acids
|March 29, 2007
Summary
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) expression is regulated by various cell stimuli, influencing cell survival and death. Increased TG2 levels impact cell-matrix interactions and may play a role in disease pathology.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in protein crosslinking.
- TG2 expression and localization are influenced by various cellular stimuli and stress conditions.
- TG2's role in cell death and survival is complex and context-dependent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms regulating tissue transglutaminase (TG2) up-regulation.
- To investigate the impact of TG2 on cell survival, death, and cell-matrix interactions.
- To explore the potential role of TG2 in disease pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on TG2 regulation and function.
- Analysis of stimuli-induced TG2 expression.
- Examination of TG2 translocation and extracellular matrix interactions.
Main Results:
- TG2 expression is upregulated by glutamate, calcium influx, oxidative stress, UV radiation, and inflammatory cytokines.
- Increased TG2 levels can promote cell survival or contribute to cell death depending on the stimulus.
- TG2 accumulation on the cell surface and extracellular matrix alters cell-matrix interactions.
Conclusions:
- TG2 up-regulation is a common response to diverse cellular stressors.
- TG2's multifaceted roles in cellular processes suggest its involvement in various pathological conditions.
- Cross-linking reactions catalyzed by TG2 may be significant biochemical alterations in disease states.
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