Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Cervical Lymph Duct-Cannulated Rat Model for Assessing Lymphatic Transport from the Head and Brain
Published on: March 10, 2026
Effects of road transportation on lymphocyte subsets in calves
Fulvio Riondato1, Antonio D'Angelo, Barbara Miniscalco
1Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università di Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy. fulvio.riondato@unito.it
Abstract:
The effect of transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 24 calves was investigated by flow cytometry. Blood was collected before departure, on arrival, at 24h and 1 week after arrival. Highest leucocyte and neutrophil counts, associated with increased concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines, indicated that stress was maximal upon arrival. At this time, a decrease in the percentages of all T lymphocyte subsets was evident, while they did not decrease as absolute counts. The proportion of CD21(+) cells did not change, indicating that the relative reduction of T lymphocyte subsets was not related to an increase in B lymphocytes. These variations may be due to the increase of a natural killer (NK) cell subset. NK cell expansion, together with increasing lymphocyte count and increasing major histocompatibility complex class II expression, may indicate stress-induced stimulation of the immune system.
More Related Videos
06:25Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs
Published on: March 5, 2016
12:53Collection and Processing of Lymph Nodes from Large Animals for RNA Analysis: Preparing for Lymph Node Transcriptomic Studies of Large Animal Species
Published on: May 19, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
Development of the Lymphatic System
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...