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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...
Layers of Connective Tissue Proper01:21

Layers of Connective Tissue Proper

Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing tearing...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
08:33

A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers

Published on: January 5, 2024

[Subgroups of fibromyalgia].

W Müller1, M Schneider, T Joos

  • 1Rheumatologische Forschungsabteilung, Park-Klinik Bad Säckingen, Weihermatten 1 , 79713 Bad Säckingen.

Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)
|March 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fibromyalgia is not a single condition. Differentiating subgroups allows for targeted treatments, including receptor blockers, antidepressants, or psychotherapy, improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Primary fibromyalgia syndrome is a complex condition.
  • Previous research indicates it is not a single clinical entity.
  • Subgroup identification is crucial for effective management.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate primary fibromyalgia syndrome into distinct subgroups.
  • To identify specific underlying causes and effective treatment strategies for each subgroup.
  • To guide therapeutic interventions based on patient profiles.

Summary:

  • Distinguished three subgroups: 1) high pain sensitivity without psychiatric conditions (potentially inflammatory), 2) depression with fibromyalgia symptoms, and 3) somatoform pain disorder. Group 1 may benefit from 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., tropisetron) addressing pain and inflammation. Group 2 requires antidepressant therapy. Group 3 necessitates psychotherapy for psychological issues or coping mechanisms. All groups can benefit from multimodal physical therapy, with varying efficacy in Group 3. Mixed types require combined therapies.

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A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
08:33

A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers

Published on: January 5, 2024

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
07:19

Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

Published on: March 24, 2023

Impact:

  • This classification enables personalized treatment approaches for fibromyalgia.
  • It highlights the importance of addressing underlying biological and psychological factors.
  • Optimized therapeutic strategies can lead to improved pain management and quality of life for fibromyalgia patients.