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Tick-borne viruses in Finland.

P Saikku, M Brummer-Korvenkontio

Medical Biology

|October 1, 1975

Summary

Ixodes ricinus ticks in Finland transmit tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi viruses. Tick-borne encephalitis primarily affects the SW-archipelago, while Uukuniemi virus is widespread.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Entomology
Medical Virology
Epidemiology

Background:

Ixodes ricinus is the sole tick species in Finland identified as a viral vector.
This tick species transmits significant arboviruses, including tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi viruses.
Evidence suggests potential transmission of Kemerovo group viruses by Ixodes ricinus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distribution and prevalence of tick-borne viral infections in Finland.
To identify the primary hosts involved in the transmission cycles of these viruses.
To characterize the clinical manifestations of tick-borne encephalitis in humans.

Main Methods:

Field studies on Ixodes ricinus distribution and host associations.
Serological surveys to detect antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi viruses.
Analysis of clinical case data for tick-borne encephalitis in humans.

Main Results:

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is endemic in the Southwestern archipelago and near the Southeastern border of Finland.
Uukuniemi virus (UUKV) exhibits a broader distribution across Finland, prevalent on the mainland and in the archipelago.
Mammals are key hosts for TBEV, while birds serve as hosts for UUKV; TBEV causes mild, biphasic illness in humans.

Conclusions:

Ixodes ricinus plays a crucial role in arbovirus transmission in Finland.
Distinct geographical patterns exist for TBEV and UUKV, influenced by host distribution.
Human cases of TBEV are geographically restricted, presenting with characteristic neurological symptoms.

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