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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Cardiac repolarization abnormalities and increased sympathetic activity in scleroderma.

Orcun Ciftci1, Ahmet Mesut Onat, Bunyamin Yavuz

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Journal of the National Medical Association
|March 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Patients with diffuse scleroderma exhibit altered autonomic balance and steeper QT/RR slopes, indicating potential cardiac repolarization abnormalities. Heart rate variability (HRV) and QT dynamicity may detect these asymptomatic issues in scleroderma patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cardiac involvement in scleroderma is a significant negative prognostic factor, often remaining undiagnosed in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Investigating cardiac autonomic function and ventricular repolarization is crucial for understanding scleroderma's impact on the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cardiac autonomic system function and ventricular repolarization in scleroderma patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To evaluate the utility of QT dynamicity and heart rate variability (HRV) in detecting cardiac abnormalities in scleroderma.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 60 scleroderma patients and 30 healthy controls underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring and transthoracic echocardiography.
  • Analysis included heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and QT dynamicity, specifically QT/RR slopes.

Main Results:

  • Scleroderma patients displayed a shift in autonomic balance towards sympathetic dominance.
  • Significantly steeper QT/RR slopes (QTapex/RR and QTend/RR) were observed in diffuse scleroderma patients compared to limited scleroderma and controls.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse scleroderma patients may present with subclinical cardiac repolarization abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction.
  • QT dynamicity and HRV show promise as noninvasive tools for identifying autonomic imbalance and repolarization issues in scleroderma.