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Published on: December 5, 2025
Continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation
Sherry E Courtney1, Keith J Barrington
1Division of Neonatology, Schneider Children's Hospital, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, Room 344, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA. scourtne@lij.edu
Clinics in Perinatology
|March 31, 2007
Summary
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can protect newborns with respiratory distress. This review covers current options, risks, and knowledge gaps for using these lung-protective therapies in the NICU.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal respiratory support
- Pediatric critical care
- Pulmonary medicine
Background:
- Newborn infants often experience respiratory distress from various causes.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are key respiratory support strategies.
- Optimal application of these therapies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current information on CPAP and NIV for neonatal respiratory support.
- To discuss the available options and potential risks associated with these modalities.
- To identify unanswered questions regarding the use of CPAP and NIV in the NICU.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current data on CPAP and NIV in neonatal care.
- Analysis of available devices and ventilation modes.
- Discussion of clinical considerations and evidence gaps.
Main Results:
- A variety of CPAP and NIV options exist, including bilevel CPAP and synchronized/unsynchronized noninvasive breaths.
- Limited data currently guide the optimal use of these lung-protective strategies.
- Potential risks and benefits require careful consideration in clinical practice.
Conclusions:
- CPAP and NIV offer promising lung protection for neonates with respiratory distress.
- Further research is needed to establish best practices for utilizing these therapies.
- Clinicians must weigh available options against potential risks in the NICU setting.
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