Cytokine-release patterns in elderly patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Microfluidic Approach to Resolve Simultaneous and Sequential Cytokine Secretion of Individual Polyfunctional Cells
Published on: March 8, 2024
Luis Marti1, Carlos Cervera, Xavier Filella
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. amoreno@medicina.ub.es
Background:
Information is scarce about the inflammatory responses to infection in elderly patients.
Objective:
To investigate the inflammatory pattern in elderly patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
Methods:
We assessed the value of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in elderly patients with SIRS at the time of consultation in the emergency room and on the fourth day of hospitalization.
Results:
Of 100 patients with SIRS, 92 had a clinical suspicion of infection and 46 were microbiologically confirmed. Basal TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were higher in patients with bacteremia (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Basal levels of TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) and fourth-day levels of CRP (p = 0.004), TNF-alpha (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p = 0.002) had a positive correlation with the length of hospitalization. Higher IL-6 levels on the fourth day showed a correlation with mortality (p = 0.016), while the other cytokines and CRP did not show this association.
Conclusion:
Febrile elderly patients showed an inflammatory response pattern to infection equivalent to that reported in younger patients. Despite some limitations of our study, among febrile elderly patients, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels can be good markers for evaluating the prognosis of infections.
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