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Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

American Trypanosomiasis

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Leishmaniasis.

Tonio V Piscopo¹, Charles Mallia Azzopardi

¹St Luke's Hospital, Guardamangia Hill, Guardamangia, MSD 09, Malta. tonio.piscopo@gov.mt

Postgraduate Medical Journal

|March 31, 2007

Summary

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, faces challenges from climate change and requires improved diagnostics and treatments. Research highlights new oral therapies, vaccine development, and managing coinfections for better control.

Area of Science:

Tropical medicine
Parasitology
Immunology

Context:

Leishmaniasis is a significant neglected tropical disease with complex epidemiology.
Climate change may expand the geographic range of leishmaniasis endemicity.
Current diagnostic and treatment strategies require enhancement, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive overview of leishmaniasis, encompassing its epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.
To highlight emerging challenges and advancements in managing leishmaniasis.
To discuss the potential impact of new therapeutic and preventive strategies.

Summary:

This review covers the epidemiology and disease patterns of leishmaniasis, alongside immunological aspects.

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

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It discusses advancements in diagnostic tests, emphasizing their utility in resource-poor areas.

Emerging therapeutic options, including oral medications and vaccine development, are explored, alongside the critical issue of Leishmania-HIV coinfection.

Impact:

Improved diagnostic tools can enhance early detection and management, especially in underserved regions.
Novel oral therapies and potential vaccines promise to revolutionize leishmaniasis treatment and prevention.
Addressing Leishmania-HIV coinfection is crucial for vulnerable populations and effective disease control.