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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles
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Dipole-dipole interactions in nanoparticle superlattices.

Dmitri V Talapin1, Elena V Shevchenko, Christopher B Murray

  • 1The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. dvtalapin@lbl.gov

Nano Letters
|April 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticles self-assemble into unexpected hexagonal structures, challenging hard-sphere models. This study explains the stability of these nanoparticle superlattices by considering dipole interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoparticles commonly form hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structures, though less stable than face-centered-cubic (fcc) in theoretical models.
  • Previous models did not fully account for inter-particle forces influencing nanoparticle assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of non-close-packed superlattices in nanoparticles.
  • To explain the stability of observed nanoparticle superlattice structures.
  • To develop a phase diagram for nanoparticle superlattices.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of superlattice formation in lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), and gamma-iron(III) oxide (gamma-Fe2O3) nanocrystals.
  • Theoretical calculations of electrostatic and dispersive energies.
  • Analysis of nonlocal dipole interactions between nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Observed formation of both close-packed (fcc, hcp) and non-close-packed (simple-hexagonal, sh) superlattices.
  • Demonstrated that nonlocal dipole interactions explain the stability of hcp and sh nanoparticle superlattices.
  • Introduced a superlattice phase diagram for monodisperse semiconducting nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle superlattice formation is governed by complex inter-particle forces beyond simple hard-sphere packing.
  • Dipole interactions are crucial for understanding the stability and phase behavior of nanoparticle superlattices.
  • Predicted antiferroelectric ordering in dipolar nanoparticle superlattices.