Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026
09:20
Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach
Published on: March 5, 2022
Candicine from Stapelia gigantea
B N Meyer1, J L McLaughlin, W J Keller
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Planta Medica
|November 1, 1981
Summary
This study reports the detection of tyramine, N-methyltyramine, and choline in a plant species, alongside the crystallization of candicine (N, N, N-trimethyltyramine chloride). These findings expand on previous hordenine (N, N-dimethyltyramine) discoveries in the same plant.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Pharmacognosy
Background:
- Previous research identified hordenine (N, N-dimethyltyramine) in the title plant species.
- The presence of related alkaloids and amines in this plant was not fully characterized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize additional alkaloid and amine compounds in the title plant.
- To report the crystallization of candicine (N, N, N-trimethyltyramine chloride) from this species.
Main Methods:
- Phytochemical analysis techniques were employed for compound detection.
- Crystallization methods were used to isolate and purify candicine.
Main Results:
- The detection of tyramine, N-methyltyramine, and choline was confirmed.
- Candicine (N, N, N-trimethyltyramine chloride) was successfully isolated and crystallized.
Conclusions:
- The phytochemical profile of the title plant is more complex than previously known, containing several related biogenic amines and alkaloids.
- The identification and crystallization of candicine provide a basis for further structural and pharmacological studies.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Candidiasis
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
01:11The Auditory Ossicles
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
01:15Antifungal Agents
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
01:27Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
01:22Microtubules in Signaling
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...