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Bone structure: from angstroms to microns.

S Weiner1, W Traub

  • 1Structural Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|February 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Bone structure is hierarchical, starting with tiny carbonate apatite crystals within collagen. These organize into lamellae with specific orientations, creating a remarkably ordered material from the molecular to macroscopic scale.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Structural Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Bone's complex hierarchical structure remains incompletely understood despite extensive research.
  • Understanding bone at multiple scales is crucial for comprehending its mechanical properties and biological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge and present a tentative overview of bone's hierarchical structure.
  • To elucidate the organization of mineral crystals and collagen fibrils across different hierarchical levels.

Main Methods:

  • Review and integration of findings from various sources on bone ultrastructure.
  • Analysis of the arrangement and orientation of mineralized collagen fibrils and carbonate apatite crystals.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bone's basic units are plate-shaped carbonate apatite crystals (hundreds of angstroms) within a collagenous framework.
  • These mineral-filled collagen fibrils form ordered arrays into lamellae (microns thick).
  • Alternating lamellae in rat bone exhibit distinct orientations of collagen fibrils and crystal layers, contributing to a 3D structure.

Conclusions:

  • Bone exhibits remarkable hierarchical ordering from the molecular scale (crystals, fibrils) to macroscopic structures.
  • The specific orientations of components in alternating lamellae are key to bone's ordered material properties.