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Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exercise.

T S Epp1, P McDonough, D J Padilla

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.

Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement
|April 4, 2007
PubMed
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Prolonged submaximal exercise in horses can cause exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). This occurs due to high pulmonary artery pressures, even at moderate intensities, suggesting extravascular factors are key.

Area of Science:

  • Equine sports medicine
  • Equine respiratory physiology
  • Equine cardiology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is linked to high pulmonary artery pressures (Ppa) during maximal exercise.
  • EIPH is typically not expected during submaximal exercise due to lower Ppa.
  • This study investigates EIPH occurrence during prolonged submaximal exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if prolonged submaximal exercise (trotting) causes EIPH in horses.
  • To assess if locomotory respiratory uncoupling leads to pressures exceeding the EIPH threshold.
  • To investigate the role of intrapleural and pulmonary artery pressures in EIPH during submaximal exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Five Thoroughbred horses trotted to fatigue at 5 m/sec on a 10% incline.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Ventilation (V(E)), esophageal pressure (Poes), and pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) were measured.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed post-exercise to quantify red blood cells (RBCs).

    • Main Results:

    • Significant EIPH was detected, with RBCs increasing from rest (2.0 x 10^5) to exercise (17 x 10^5) (P<0.05).
    • Mean Ppa reached 55 mmHg, below the rupture threshold, but Poes(min) and Ppa(peak) generated high transmural pressures (PATMPmax).
    • V(E) and Poes(min) approached levels seen at maximal speeds, indicating significant respiratory effort.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant EIPH occurs during submaximal exercise in horses.
    • This finding expands the range of horses susceptible to EIPH.
    • Extravascular factors are crucial in EIPH aetiology, warranting interventions like equine nasal strips even for moderate exercise.