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Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

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Published on: March 15, 2019

Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage during submaximal exercise.

T S Epp¹, P McDonough, D J Padilla

¹Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.

Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement

|April 4, 2007

Summary

Prolonged submaximal exercise in horses can cause exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). This occurs due to high pulmonary artery pressures, even at moderate intensities, suggesting extravascular factors are key.

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Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Equine sports medicine
Equine respiratory physiology
Equine cardiology

Background:

Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is linked to high pulmonary artery pressures (Ppa) during maximal exercise.
EIPH is typically not expected during submaximal exercise due to lower Ppa.
This study investigates EIPH occurrence during prolonged submaximal exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if prolonged submaximal exercise (trotting) causes EIPH in horses.
To assess if locomotory respiratory uncoupling leads to pressures exceeding the EIPH threshold.
To investigate the role of intrapleural and pulmonary artery pressures in EIPH during submaximal exercise.

Main Methods:

Five Thoroughbred horses trotted to fatigue at 5 m/sec on a 10% incline.
Ventilation (V(E)), esophageal pressure (Poes), and pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) were measured.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed post-exercise to quantify red blood cells (RBCs).

Main Results:

Significant EIPH was detected, with RBCs increasing from rest (2.0 x 10^5) to exercise (17 x 10^5) (P<0.05).
Mean Ppa reached 55 mmHg, below the rupture threshold, but Poes(min) and Ppa(peak) generated high transmural pressures (PATMPmax).
V(E) and Poes(min) approached levels seen at maximal speeds, indicating significant respiratory effort.

Conclusions:

Significant EIPH occurs during submaximal exercise in horses.
This finding expands the range of horses susceptible to EIPH.
Extravascular factors are crucial in EIPH aetiology, warranting interventions like equine nasal strips even for moderate exercise.