Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Making Mobile Nanotechnology Accessible: Is the Explicit Preparation of Janus Nanoparticle Necessary to Achieve Mobility?

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> change the adhesion between neutrophils and endotheliocytes in the experimental bacteremia model.

Microbial cell (Graz, Austria)·2024

Same author

Bending and reverse bending during the fabrication of novel GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs core-shell nanowires monitored by<i>in situ</i>x-ray diffraction.

Nanotechnology·2024

Same author

Chemical Vapor Deposition and High-Resolution Patterning of a Highly Conductive Two-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Film.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2022

Same author

Effect of architecture disorder on the elastic response of two-dimensional lattice materials.

Physical review. E·2022

Same author

Formation and stabilization of multiple w/o/w emulsions encapsulating catechin, by mechanical and microfluidic methods using a single pH-sensitive copolymer: Effect of copolymer/drug interaction.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Ion distribution in polyelectrolyte multilayers with standing-wave X-ray fluorescence.

Hauke Schollmeyer¹, Patrick Guenoun, Jean Daillant

¹Service de Chimie Moléculaire, LIONS, Bâtiment 125, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. hscholl@uni-goettingen.de

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

|April 4, 2007

Summary

Polyelectrolyte multilayer films

More Related Videos

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Sample Preparation using a Lipid Monolayer Method for Electron Crystallographic Studies

Sample Preparation using a Lipid Monolayer Method for Electron Crystallographic Studies

Published on: November 20, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Sample Preparation using a Lipid Monolayer Method for Electron Crystallographic Studies

Sample Preparation using a Lipid Monolayer Method for Electron Crystallographic Studies

Published on: November 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films are constructed via sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polymers.
Understanding ion incorporation and distribution within PEMs is crucial for their application in various fields.
The PSS/PAH system is a widely studied model for PEM formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the absolute ion concentration and profile within polyelectrolyte multilayer films.
To determine the influence of surface charge and washing protocols on ion distribution.
To quantify bromide ion incorporation in the PSS/PAH system.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer films through alternating adsorption of polyanions and polycations.
Utilizing standing-wave X-ray fluorescence (SWXRF) for in-situ ion profiling.
Employing bromide ions as probe entities within the PSS/PAH system.

Main Results:

The charge of the outermost layer significantly impacts the ion concentration and profile.
Multilayers terminated with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) contain fewer bromide ions than those terminated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH).
Water washing removes ions, but bromide ions remain detectable even after extended washing periods (6 hours).

Conclusions:

The final layer's charge dictates the extent of ion incorporation in PEMs.
Washing protocols are critical for controlling residual ion content.
Complete ion removal from PEMs is challenging, even with prolonged washing.