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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Published on: October 22, 2020
Parental smoking, closeness to parents, and youth smoking
Diane B Wilson1, Donna K McClish, Carolyn J Heckman
1Department of Internal Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0306, USA. dbwilson@vcu.edu
Objectives:
To examine parent closeness and its effect in predicting youth smoking when 0, 1, or 2 parents smoked.
Methods:
Youth and parent smoking, closeness to parents, family structure, and gender and ethnicity among middle (n=17,468) and high school (n=5457) students were measured using a questionnaire.
Results:
Number of parents smoking incrementally moderated the protective effect of all 4 measures of parent closeness, in predicting youth smoking.
Conclusions:
Addressing parent smoking and strengthening family relationships need significantly greater emphasis in interventions to further reduce youth smoking.
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