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Amino acids and immune function.

Peng Li¹, Yu-Long Yin, Defa Li

¹Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

The British Journal of Nutrition

|April 4, 2007

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Dietary amino acid deficiencies impair immune function. Supplementing specific amino acids like arginine, glutamine, and cysteine precursors can enhance immune status, improving health and reducing disease risk in humans and animals.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Nutritional Biochemistry
Molecular Medicine

Background:

Protein and amino acid deficiencies are known to compromise immune function and increase susceptibility to infections.
Recent research has elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking nutrient status to immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of amino acids in regulating immune cell activation, proliferation, and function.
To highlight the potential of specific amino acid supplementation in improving immune status and reducing disease.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on amino acid metabolism and immune function.
Analysis of studies investigating the effects of dietary amino acid supplementation on immune responses in animal and human models.

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Main Results:

Amino acids regulate the activation and function of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
Specific amino acids modulate cellular redox state, gene expression, lymphocyte proliferation, and the production of antibodies and cytokines.
Supplementation with arginine, glutamine, and cysteine precursors has shown promise in enhancing immune status and reducing morbidity and mortality in malnourished or infected individuals.

Conclusions:

Amino acids play a vital role in maintaining robust immune function.
Strategic supplementation of specific amino acids can be an effective approach to prevent and treat immunodeficiency diseases.
Careful consideration of amino acid balance, individual nutritional status, and physiological conditions is crucial for optimizing therapeutic benefits.