Monoclonal antibody specific for the cellular receptor of echoviruses

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Primate cell lines possess specific membrane receptors for echoviruses (EV).
• Understanding these receptors is crucial for developing antiviral strategies against picornaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize a monoclonal antibody (Mab 143) that targets EV receptors on primate cells.
• To evaluate the protective efficacy of Mab 143 against EV infection and identify the targeted receptor characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Isolation and characterization of Mab 143 using KB cells.
• Testing Mab 143's ability to protect various primate cell lines against EV-11 cytopathic effect (CPE).
• Assessing Mab 143's reactivity with cell lines from different species and its effect on other picornaviruses.

Main Results:

• Mab 143 was isolated and shown to react with KB cell membranes.
• Mab 143 provided significant protection against EV-11 CPE in primate cell lines.
• Protection extended to most EV serotypes and coxsackievirus A9, but not other picornaviruses.
• Mab 143 specifically bound to human and simian cell lines, not bovine, canine, or rabbit.

Conclusions:

• A unique receptor, targeted by Mab 143, is likely utilized by most echovirus serotypes for cell entry.
• Mab 143 represents a potential therapeutic agent for echovirus infections.
• This study elucidates the specific cell-virus interactions involved in echovirus pathogenesis.