Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform magnetic...
Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-resolution structure of monomorphic Aβ<sub>1-40</sub> fibrils.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Through-space donor-acceptor homoconjugation strategies for emissive radical species.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Exchange coupling-assisted <sup>13</sup>C dynamic nuclear polarization in microdiamonds at 14 T.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Aducanumab binding to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> fibrils alters dynamics of the N-terminal tail while preserving the fibril core.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Atomic Structure of GNNQQNY Nanocrystals: A Validated Approach for Polymorphic Amyloids.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Aducanumab Binding to Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> Fibrils Alters Dynamics of the N-Terminal Tail While Preserving the Fibril Core.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Continuous-wave Submillimeter-wave Gyrotrons.

Seong-Tae Han1, Robert G Griffin, Kan-Nian Hu

  • 1Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139-4294.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|April 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) significantly enhances nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for biological samples. High-power submillimeter wave gyrotrons are key to advancing DNP/NMR technology for broader scientific applications.

More Related Videos

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Materials Science
  • Medicine

Background:

  • Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal sensitivity.
  • High-power continuous-wave (CW) sources in the submillimeter wavelength range are crucial for modern DNP/NMR systems.
  • Gyrotrons are suitable sources for DNP/NMR due to their high CW power output at submillimeter wavelengths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of gyrotrons in advancing DNP/NMR spectroscopy.
  • To showcase the capabilities of gyrotrons for DNP/NMR applications.
  • To discuss the potential impact of gyrotron-driven DNP/NMR on various scientific fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing gyrotrons as high-power CW sources for submillimeter wave generation.
  • Employing gyrotrons in DNP/NMR spectrometers at various magnetic field strengths (e.g., 200 MHz, 380 MHz, 700 MHz).
  • Operating gyrotrons at specific frequencies (140 GHz, 250 GHz, 460 GHz) with significant CW output power (e.g., 8 W).

Main Results:

  • Gyrotrons provide high power (tens of watts) at submillimeter wavelengths necessary for DNP.
  • Existing 140 GHz and 250 GHz gyrotrons are used in DNP/NMR experiments.
  • A 460 GHz gyrotron with 8 W CW output is being integrated into a 700 MHz NMR spectrometer.
  • High power, spectrally and spatially resolved gyrotron radiation enables significant signal enhancement in NMR via DNP.

Conclusions:

  • Gyrotrons are essential for enabling high-performance DNP/NMR spectroscopy.
  • Submillimeter wave gyrotrons facilitate substantial signal enhancement in biological sample analysis.
  • Gyrotron-based DNP/NMR technology holds promise for significant advancements across physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and medicine.