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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
Published on: May 9, 2022
[Post-academic dental specialities 8. Post-academic specialization in dental care for disabled]
D L M Broers1, P C Makkes, A de Jongh
1Uit de Stichting Bijzondere Tandheelkunde Amsterdam. d.broers@sbt.acta.nl
Abstract:
The dental treatment of people with a mental and/or physical disability often entails a variety of related problems and requires extra expertise and competencies on the part of the dentist. If treatment in an ordinary practice is not (or is no longer) possible, the patient can be referred to a centre for special care dentistry or to dental practices in institutions for the mentally disabled. In the Netherlands, a three year postgraduate programme in dentistry for the disabled was established in 2004, the purpose of which is to improve the availability and quality of dental care for the disabled.
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