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Related Concept Videos

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

Sequencing complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes.

Gertraud Burger1, Dennis V Lavrov, Lise Forget

  • 1Département de Biochimie, Robert Cedergren Centre, Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, CP 6128, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4 Canada. Gertraud.Burger@UMontreal.CA

Nature Protocols
|April 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Two new organelle genome sequencing protocols offer efficient methods for researchers. These techniques, random genome sequencing and long-PCR-based genome sequencing, provide cost-effective and time-saving solutions for diverse organelle genome studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Organelle genomics
  • Molecular biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Organelle genomics is crucial for understanding molecular modeling, phylogeny, taxonomy, population genetics, and biodiversity.
  • Research typically involves sequencing and analyzing complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe two alternative, efficient organelle genome sequencing protocols.
  • To provide time- and cost-effective solutions for organelle genome research.

Main Methods:

  • Random genome sequencing: DNA fragmentation via nebulization and blunt-end cloning into vectors.
  • Long-PCR-based genome sequencing: Adapted for low-purity/quantity DNA and small organelle genomes.

Main Results:

  • Both protocols enable library construction within 1 week.
  • Random genome sequencing ensures library randomness, time, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Long-PCR protocol is effective for challenging DNA samples and small genomes.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocols offer versatile and efficient approaches for organelle genome sequencing.
  • These methods support a wide range of applications in evolutionary and population biology.