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Related Concept Videos

Altruism01:03

Altruism

Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the human psyche...

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Publisher Correction: Retesting reverse-reward performance in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after 16 years: evidence of aging-related decline.

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Retesting reverse-reward performance in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after 16 years: evidence of aging-related decline.

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Correction: Cao et al. Evidence for Semantic Communication in Alarm Calls of Wild Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkeys. <i>Biology</i> 2025, <i>14</i>, 1028.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems
08:42

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Published on: May 5, 2015

Animal behavior: tolerant primates cooperate best.

James R Anderson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland. j.r.anderson@stir.ac.uk

Current Biology : CB
|April 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Bonobos exhibit greater cooperation than chimpanzees when competing for monopolizable food resources, highlighting differences in social tolerance between these ape species.

Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Comparative psychology
  • Evolutionary anthropology

Background:

  • Chimpanzees and bonobos, our closest living relatives, exhibit distinct social structures and behaviors.
  • Understanding their cooperative tendencies provides insights into the evolution of sociality.

Discussion:

  • This study investigated cooperative behavior in chimpanzees and bonobos using a food competition paradigm.
  • Results indicate that bonobos cooperate more frequently than chimpanzees when faced with easily monopolizable food rewards.

Key Insights:

  • Bonobos display higher levels of cooperation compared to chimpanzees in scenarios involving contested resources.
  • Social tolerance appears to be a key factor differentiating cooperative strategies between these two species.

More Related Videos

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions
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Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Published on: March 16, 2018

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
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Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Published on: November 11, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems
08:42

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Published on: May 5, 2015

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions
10:00

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Published on: March 16, 2018

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
16:00

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Published on: November 11, 2011

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore the neurobiological underpinnings of these behavioral differences.
  • Investigating other ecological and social factors may reveal additional drivers of cooperative variation in primates.