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Calibration sphere for low-frequency parametric sonars.

Kenneth G Foote1, David T I Francis, Philip R Atkins

  • 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. kfoote@whoi.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|April 6, 2007
PubMed
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This study calibrates parametric sonar systems using a novel aluminum sphere target. The findings ensure accurate low-frequency sonar measurements for backscattering applications.

Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Marine Engineering

Background:

  • Parametric sonar systems require precise calibration, especially at low difference frequencies crucial for backscattering applications.
  • Existing calibration methods may not be optimal for specific systems like the Simrad TOPAS PS18 Parametric Sub-bottom Profiler operating at 0.5-6 kHz.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of calibrating parametric sonar systems at low difference frequencies.
  • To define and validate a standard target suitable for optimizing target strength and physical manageability.

Main Methods:

  • Optimization of a standard target based on orientation independence and immersion weight (<200 N).
  • Specification of a 280-mm-diameter aluminum sphere as the standard target.
  • Analysis of target strength variations across the 0.5-6 kHz frequency band.

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Main Results:

  • The aluminum sphere exhibits target strength from -43.4 dB (0.5 kHz) to -20.2 dB (6 kHz).
  • Uncertainty in target strength due to material properties is minimal (+/-0.1 dB).
  • Hydrographic conditions significantly impact target strength, necessitating careful management.

Conclusions:

  • A 280-mm aluminum sphere is an effective standard target for calibrating parametric sonar at low frequencies.
  • The calibration method is applicable to conventional low-kilohertz sonars.
  • Attention to hydrographic conditions is vital for accurate sonar calibration.