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Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Evolution of coadaptation in a subdivided population.

K Ryo Takahasi1

  • 1Population and Quantitative Genomics Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. kenzi@gsc.riken.jp

Genetics
|April 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Population subdivision and epistasis significantly increase the fixation probability of coadapted haplotypes. Moderate migration and isolation in subdivided populations favor the evolution of complex genetic systems.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Epistasis, where gene interactions influence fitness, is crucial for complex trait evolution.
  • Population subdivision can impact the efficacy of selection and the maintenance of genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how population subdivision affects the fixation probability of a coadapted haplotype.
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of interacting mutations in structured populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed analytical models to describe allele frequency changes.
  • Utilized simulation models to track haplotype evolution under varying migration rates.
  • Studied the fixation probability of two interacting, conditionally neutral mutations.

Main Results:

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  • Fixation probability of coadapted haplotypes is markedly increased in genetically subdivided populations.
  • Loose connection (moderate migration) between subpopulations is optimal for coadapted haplotype fixation.
  • Subdivision preserves favorable allelic combinations while allowing spread across populations.

Conclusions:

  • Population subdivision and restricted gene flow are fundamental for the evolution of functionally integrated systems.
  • Findings support the shifting-balance theory of evolution by highlighting the role of population structure.
  • Epistatic interactions are more likely to fix in structured populations.