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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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Leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome: immune mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and experimental models.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

Complement components, regulators and receptors are produced by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Edimara S Reis1, José Alexandre M Barbuto, Lourdes Isaac

  • 1Laboratório de Complemento, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1730, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.

Immunobiology
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human dendritic cells (DCs) produce key complement proteins like C1q, C4BP, C7, and C8, in addition to previously known factors. These findings highlight DCs

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Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for innate immunity, inflammation, acquired immunity, and immune tolerance.
  • Previous research indicated DCs synthesize certain complement proteins (C1q, C3, Factor I, Factor B) and complement receptors (CR3, CR4).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the full range of complement proteins and receptors produced by human dendritic cells (DCs).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of soluble complement protein production by human DCs.
  • Detection of complement receptors on the surface of human DCs.

Main Results:

  • Human DCs were confirmed as a source of soluble complement proteins, including C1q, C4b-binding protein (C4BP), C7, and C8.
  • Complement receptors CR1 and the CD18 chain (part of CR3 and CR4) were expressed on DCs.
  • Complement receptor CR2 was notably absent on DCs.

Conclusions:

  • Human DCs synthesize a broader spectrum of complement proteins than previously recognized.
  • The presence of specific complement receptors on DCs suggests direct roles in complement-mediated immune functions.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between dendritic cells and the complement system in immunity.